4,454 research outputs found
Characterization of Fut10 and Fut11, Putative Alpha-1-3/4 Fucosyltransferase Genes Important for Vertebrate Development
Two new, putative alpha-1-3/4 fucosyltransferases ([alpha]1-3/4 Fuc-Ts), Fuc-TX and Fuc-TXI, were identified in the vertebrate genome and transcriptome sequence databases through sequence homology-based queries. These proteins have a significant sequence similarity to only [alpha]1-3/4 Fuc-Ts, and possess peptide motifs that are evolutionarily conserved among the known vertebrate [alpha]1-3/4 Fuc-Ts. However, Fuc-TX and Fuc-TXI lack the HH[R/W][D/E] sequence that determines the specificity for type 1 or 2 substrates among the known vertebrate enzymes, and Fuc-TXI proteins do not possess a transmembrane domain. The Fut10 and Fut11 genes that encode these proteins are expressed ubiquitously in the adult mouse and in the mouse embryo throughout development. Though a Fuc-T activity of the mouse proteins could not be detected, Fuc-TXI, but not Fuc-TX, was found to hydrolyze GDP-fucose. The interaction of Fuc-TXI with GDP-fucose was also confirmed by its binding to GDP-hexanolamine. In zebrafish, Fut11 transcripts could be detected during early embryonic development. A knock-down of Fuc-TXI in zebrafish embryos with Fut11-specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotides resulted in malformations of the posterior trunk and tail
Translocation and encapsulation of siRNA inside carbon nanotubes
We report spontaneous translocation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) inside
carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of various diameters and chirality using all atom
molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with explicit solvent. We use Umbrella
sampling method to calculate the free energy landscape of the siRNA entry and
translocation event. Free energy profiles shows that siRNA gains free energy
while translocating inside CNT and barrier for siRNA exit from CNT ranges from
40 to 110 kcal/mol depending on CNT chirality and salt concentration. The
translocation time \tau decreases with the increase of CNT diameter with a
critical diameter of 24 \AA for the translocation. In contrast, double strand
DNA (dsDNA) of the same sequence does not translocate inside CNT due to large
free energy barrier for the translocation. This study helps in understanding
the nucleic acid transport through nanopores at microscopic level and may help
designing carbon nanotube based sensor for siRNA.Comment: Accepted for the Journal of Chemical Physics; 24 pages, 6 figures and
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Force Induced DNA Melting
When pulled along the axis, double-strand DNA undergoes a large
conformational change and elongates roughly twice its initial contour length at
a pulling force about 70 pN. The transition to this highly overstretched form
of DNA is very cooperative. Applying force perpendicular to the DNA axis
(unzipping), double-strand DNA can also be separated into two single-stranded
DNA which is a fundamental process in DNA replication. We study the DNA
overstretching and unzipping transition using fully atomistic molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations and argue that the conformational changes of double
strand DNA associated with either of the above mentioned processes can be
viewed as force induced DNA melting. As the force at one end of the DNA is
increased the DNA start melting abruptly/smoothly after a critical force
depending on the pulling direction. The critical force fm, at which DNA melts
completely decreases as the temperature of the system is increased. The melting
force in case of unzipping is smaller compared to the melting force when the
DNA is pulled along the helical axis. In the cases of melting through
unzipping, the double-strand separation has jumps which correspond to the
different energy minima arising due to different base pair sequence. The
fraction of Watson-Crick base pair hydrogen bond breaking as a function of
force does not show smooth and continuous behavior and consists of plateaus
followed by sharp jumps.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys.: Condens.
Matte
Client-Driven Content Extraction Associated with Table
The goal of the project is to extract content within table in document images
based on learnt patterns. Real-world users i.e., clients first provide a set of
key fields within the table which they think are important. These are first
used to represent the graph where nodes are labelled with semantics including
other features and edges are attributed with relations. Attributed relational
graph (ARG) is then employed to mine similar graphs from a document image. Each
mined graph will represent an item within the table, and hence a set of such
graphs will compose a table. We have validated the concept by using a
real-world industrial problem
Determinants of Energy Intensity in Indian Manufacturing Industries: A Firm Level Analysis
The demand for energy, particularly for commercial energy, has been growing rapidly with the growth of the economy, changes in the demographic structure, rising urbanization, socio-economic development, and the desire for attaining and sustaining self-reliance in some sectors of the economy. In this context the energy intensity is one of the key factors, which affect the projections of future energy demand for any economy. Energy intensity in Indian industry is among the highest in the world. According to the GoI statistics, the manufacturing sector is the largest consumer of commercial energy in India. Energy consumption per unit of production in the manufacturing of steel, aluminum, cement, paper, textile, etc. is much higher in India, even in comparison with some developing countries. In this study we attempt to analyze energy intensity at firm level and define energy intensity as the ratio of energy consumption to sales turnover. The purpose of this study is to understand the factors that determine industrial energy intensity in Indian manufacturing. The results of the econometric analysis, based on firm level data drawn from the PROWESS data base of the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy during recent years, identify the sources of variation in energy intensity. Also, we found a non-linear ‘U’ shaped relationship between energy intensity and firm size, implying that both very large and very small firms tend to be more energy intensive. The analysis also highlights that ownership type is an important determinant of energy intensity. We found that foreign owned firms exhibit a higher level of technical efficiency and therefore are less energy intensive. The technology import activities are important contributors to the decline in firm- level energy intensity. The paper also identifies that there is a sizable difference between energy intensive firm and less energy intensive firms. In addition the results shows that younger firms are more energy efficient as compared to the older firms and an inverse U’ shaped relationship is found between the energy intensity and the age of the firm.Energy Intensity, Commercial Energy Consumption, Indian Manufacturing Industries
Determinants of Energy Intensity: A Preliminary Investigation of Indian Manufacturing
The demand for energy, particularly for commercial energy, has been growing rapidly with the growth of the economy, changes in the demographic structure, rising urbanization, socio-economic development. In this context the energy intensity is one of the key factors which impact the projections of future energy demand. The Indian manufacturing sector is among the largest consumer of commercial energy compared to the other industries in India. Energy consumption per unit of production in the manufacturing of steel, aluminum, cement, paper, textile, etc. is much higher in India, in comparison to other developing countries. The purpose of this study is to understand the factors that influence industrial energy intensity in Indian manufacturing. The analysis undertaken in this paper find a positive relationship between energy intensity and firm size and an inverted U’ shaped relationship between energy intensity and size of the firm. The analysis shows that the foreign owned firms are less energy intensive compared to the domestic firms. Capital intensive firms as well as firms spending more on repair and maintenance are found to be more energy intensive. Further the results shows that expenditure on the research and development contribute to reduce firm level energy intensity and there is a sizable difference between highly energy intensive firm and less energy intensive firms.Energy Intensity, Commercial Energy Consumption, Indian Manufacturing Industries
Decomposition of Industrial Energy Consumption in Indian Manufacturing : The Energy Intensity Approach
Increasing energy consumption has been one of the major issues in the environmental and industrial economics in the context of global climate change. Recent literature has dealt with several methodological and application issues related to the technique of decomposing changes in industrial energy consumption. In this paper, we examine these issues in the context of another commonly adopted approach to decomposition of aggregate changes in energy intensity of Indian manufacturing industries. The industrial sector accounts for about 37 percent of the total final energy consumption in India. Of this the manufacturing sector consumes about 66 percent (2004-05). The manufacturing sector is one of the energy intensive industries among other industries in India. The scope of the study includes an empirical analysis of General Parametric Divisia Method. This paper follows the energy intensity approach rather the energy consumption approach. This method involves decomposition of the aggregate energy intensity index measured in terms of energy consumption per unit of output. The analysis also includes a comparison of the time series analysis versus the period-wise decomposition. The factors considered are changes in production structure and sectoral energy intensities. The results of the analysis confirm that the changes in sectoral energy intensity play a greater role in the variation in the total energy intensity of Indian Manufacturing compared to the changes in the production structure of the Industries.Decomposition Methodology, Energy Intensity, Manufacturing Industries, India
Soft gluon multiplicity distribution revisited
In this paper the soft gluon radiation from partonic interaction of the type:
+ gluon has been revisited and a correction term to the widely used
Gunion-Bertsch (GB) formula is obtained.Comment: Few typos corrected, to appear in Phys. Rev. D (rapid communication
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